Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts socially, and processes information. It’s called a “spectrum” because it varies widely, some individuals may have mild challenges, while others need more structured support. Common features include differences in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and highly focused interests, along with sensory sensitivities (to sound, light, or touch). Symptoms typically appear in early childhood, and while there is no cure, early intervention, therapy, and supportive environments can significantly improve skills, independence, and overall quality of life.